Clinical trial Human Peer-reviewed
60 sessions at 2.0 ATA in adults over 64: cognitive testing and blood-flow imaging
2.0 ATA · 60 sessions · 2020
- What it examined
- The authors examined cognitive testing and perfusion imaging in 63 healthy adults aged over 64, comparing a 60-session course across three months against a control group.
- What it reported
- The study reported differences in global cognitive scores and in cerebral blood flow on post-course imaging in those older adults, relative to the control group.
- Limitations
- Modest sample of 63 participants; six authors are employed by a hyperbaric company and one holds shares in it.
Hadanny, Daniel-Kotovsky, Suzin, Boussi-Gross, Catalogna, Dagan, Hachmo, Abu Hamed, Sasson, Fishlev, Lang, Polak, Doenyas, Friedman, Tal, Zemel, Bechor, Efrati, 2020 . Six authors work for AVIV Scientific; one is a shareholder.
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Clinical study Human Peer-reviewed
40 to 82 sessions at 1.5 ATA after concussion: a multi-centre observational study
1.5 ATA · 40–82 sessions · 2019
- What it examined
- The authors examined a battery of neurocognitive tests in 32 people with persisting symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury, before and after a course of 40 to 82 one-hour sessions at 1.5 ATA.
- What it reported
- The study reported changes across most of the neurocognitive measures used in that group, and noted that a controlled trial is still needed.
- Limitations
- Observational, with no control arm and a session count that varied between subjects; two authors hold an interest in the company that supplied the study's data-collection software.
Mozayeni, Duncan, Zant, Love, Beckman, Stoller, 2019 . Two authors hold an interest in CareVector LLC, which supplied the study's data-collection software.
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Case report Human · n=1 Peer-reviewed
40 sessions at 1.5 ATA over eight weeks and migraine with aura in one 23-year-old: a case report
1.5 ATA · 40 sessions · 2019
- What it examined
- The authors documented self-reported migraine frequency and intensity in one 23-year-old woman with an eleven-year history of migraine with aura, across 40 one-hour sessions over eight weeks.
- What it reported
- The authors described her reported episode count and intensity from the twenty-fourth session onward and at the end of the course.
- Limitations
- Single-subject case report resting on self-reported episodes, with no control condition.
Matera, Smith, Lam, 2019
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Case report Human · n=1 Peer-reviewed
40 sessions alongside weekly perispinal etanercept in one 77-year-old man: a case report
Pressure not specified · 40 sessions · 2017
- What it examined
- The authors documented cognitive and physical assessments and perfusion imaging in one 77-year-old man who received 40 hyperbaric oxygen sessions and, from the eleventh session, weekly perispinal etanercept injections across five months.
- What it reported
- The authors described changes in that man's assessments and on follow-up imaging over the five months.
- Limitations
- Single-subject case report in which hyperbaric oxygen was given alongside a drug, so the contribution of each cannot be separated.
Best, Pavel, 2017
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Clinical study Human Peer-reviewed
Hyperbaric oxygen and glucose measures in 52 adults after an intracerebral haemorrhage
Protocol not specified · 2017
- What it examined
- The authors examined insulin-sensitivity measures, blood-glucose markers, and stroke-scale scores in 52 adults with type 2 diabetes who had had an intracerebral haemorrhage within the previous month, alongside a comparison group.
- What it reported
- The study reported differences in glucose-infusion rate, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and stroke-scale scores at ten days and one month in that group, relative to the comparison group.
- Limitations
- Fifty-two participants, with neither the pressure nor the number of sessions reported.
Xu, Wei, Fan, Wang, Zhou, 2017
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Clinical study Human · n=10 Peer-reviewed
Hyperbaric oxygen and cognitive testing in ten long-term brain-tumour survivors: a pilot study
Protocol not specified · 2011
- What it examined
- The authors examined EEG event-related components, a memory questionnaire, and timed cognitive tasks in ten long-term brain-tumour survivors before a course of hyperbaric oxygen and at six weeks and four months after it.
- What it reported
- The authors described a change in one EEG component and in questionnaire-reported memory in those ten people, with no change in the other components, latencies, or reaction times.
- Limitations
- Pilot study of ten people with no control arm described, and neither the pressure nor the number of sessions reported.
Schellart, Reits, van der Kleij, Stalpers, 2011
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Review One published trial Peer-reviewed
Intermittent hyperbaric oxygen and aging biomarkers: a review of a 60-session trial
Pressure not specified · 60 sessions · 2021
- What it examined
- The authors reviewed a small trial in older adults who were given 60 intermittent hyperbaric oxygen sessions, together with the cellular pathways proposed to account for its measures.
- What it reported
- The review summarised the telomere-length, senescent-cell, cognitive, and cerebral blood-flow measures from that trial, and stated that the durability of those changes is not yet established.
- Limitations
- A commentary on one small trial rather than new data, so it is only as strong as that trial; no pressure is stated for the protocol it discusses.
Kamat, Mendelsohn, Larrick, 2021
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Laboratory study Human cells Peer-reviewed
A 1.5 ATA regimen modelled in cultured human brain cells: an adhesion-molecule study
Cell culture · modelled on 1.5 ATA · 2020
- What it examined
- The authors measured an adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) on cultured human brain endothelial cells exposed to oxygen conditions modelled on the 1.5 ATA, 60-minute regimen described to them by people living with multiple sclerosis.
- What it reported
- The study reported differences in the levels of that molecule on the cultured cells under the modelled conditions.
- Limitations
- Cell-culture work in which the exposure was modelled rather than delivered in a chamber; findings do not transfer to people.
Moore, Eggleton, Smerdon, Newcombe, Holley, Gutowski, Smallwood, 2020
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Laboratory study Rat stem cells Peer-reviewed
Extreme oxygen tensions and rat neural crest stem cells: a cell-culture study
Cell culture · 0.5% and 80% oxygen · 2017
- What it examined
- The authors examined proliferation, cell death, and the associated signalling proteins in cultured rat neural crest stem cells held at 0.5 per cent and at 80 per cent oxygen.
- What it reported
- The study reported different growth and cell-death patterns in those cultures under the two oxygen conditions, each tracking a different signalling pathway.
- Limitations
- Cell-culture work at oxygen tensions that do not correspond to any breathing protocol; findings do not transfer to people.
Chen, Hsia, Ho, Liang, Chen, Huang, Kang, Chen, 2017
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Review Published studies Peer-reviewed
Hyperbaric oxygen given before surgery and cognitive function afterwards: a review
Protocol not specified · 2017
- What it examined
- The authors surveyed published work on hyperbaric oxygen given before surgery and on cognitive function measured after it, chiefly in older adults.
- What it reported
- The review summarised the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms proposed across the studies it covered, and noted that those mechanisms remain incompletely described.
- Limitations
- A review rather than new data, so its strength depends on the studies it summarises; the pressures and session counts of those studies were not reported.
Gao, Rao, Li, 2017
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Animal model Rats Peer-reviewed
Three daily sessions at 2.0 ATA in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: behaviour and tissue markers
2.0 ATA · 3 sessions · 2017
- What it examined
- The authors examined behavioural testing, motor function, lesion volume, and hippocampal tissue markers in rats given 60 minutes of hyperbaric oxygen daily for three days after an induced brain injury.
- What it reported
- The study reported differences in behavioural-test scores and in the inflammatory and cell-death markers measured at day 15 in those rats, with no difference in motor function or lesion volume.
- Limitations
- Animal model with no funding or conflict-of-interest disclosure in the abstract; findings do not transfer to people.
Lim, Sung, Shiue, Wang, Chio, Kuo, 2017
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Animal model Mice Peer-reviewed
Daily hyperbaric oxygen across eight weeks in a mouse model of aging: memory and tissue markers
Pressure not specified · daily for 8 weeks · 2016
- What it examined
- The authors examined memory-task performance, oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers, and hippocampal tissue in mice given daily hyperbaric oxygen alongside D-galactose injections for eight weeks.
- What it reported
- The study reported differences in memory-task performance, in the marker panel, and in hippocampal tissue measures in those mice, compared with mice that did not receive the exposures.
- Limitations
- Animal model with no pressure stated and no funding or conflict-of-interest disclosure; findings do not transfer to people.
Chen, Li, Chen, Nong, Huang, Chen, 2016
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Review Published studies Peer-reviewed
Hyperbaric oxygen after traumatic brain injury: a review of the published work
Protocol not specified · 2011
- What it examined
- The authors surveyed published work on hyperbaric oxygen given after traumatic brain injury, covering the timing of exposures and the mechanisms proposed for them.
- What it reported
- The review summarised reported effects on intracranial pressure, survival, and neurobehavioural measures across the studies it covered, and the oxygenation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms those authors proposed.
- Limitations
- A narrative review rather than new data, so it is only as strong as the studies it summarises; the pressures and session counts of those studies were not specified.
Huang, Obenaus, 2011
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Animal model Rats Peer-reviewed
Daily hyperbaric oxygen over five days and mitochondrial DNA in the rat hippocampus
Pressure not specified · 5 daily exposures · 2006
- What it examined
- The authors measured mitochondrial DNA content and the expression of related nuclear genes in the hippocampus of rats given daily hyperbaric oxygen exposures across five days.
- What it reported
- The study reported changes in mitochondrial DNA content and in nuclear gene expression in those rats, including early DNA damage that shifted when a specific enzyme was blocked.
- Limitations
- Animal model, with no funding or conflict-of-interest disclosure in the abstract and no pressure stated; findings do not transfer to people.
Gutsaeva, Suliman, Carraway, Demchenko, Piantadosi, 2006
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